Evolution of Maritime GNSS and RNSS Performance Standards

The primary means for electronic position fixing in use contemporary maritime transport are shipborne GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers or DGPS (Differential GPS) receivers. More advanced GNSS Navigation Satellite RNSS (Regional Systems) able to process combined signals from American GPS, Russian GLONASS, Chinese Beidou (BDS), European Galileo, Indian IRNSS, and Japan QZSS. Satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) still not commonly used the domain, especially onboard vessels certified under international SOLAS convention. issues weaknesses of existing International Maritime Organization recommendations, guidelines, requirements, performance standards, policies on sensors discussed presented paper. Many problems that have already been dealt with other transportation be solved domain. integrity monitoring is addressed as main issue, recommendations based solutions implemented aviation latest research proposed. Finally, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats awaiting standardization outlined.